To facilitate writing a literature review, journals are increasingly providing helpful features to guide authors. For example, the resources available through JGME include several articles on writing. 17 The journal Perspectives on Medical Education recently launched “The Writer's Craft,” which is intended to help medical educators improve their blogger.com by: 14 · Example of a Literature Review Conclusion. Here is an example of a literature review conclusion: " The objective of this review was to view the trends in composition studies within the past fifty years and see how commentary on REVIEW OF A JOURNAL ARTICLE: AN EXAMPLE o Bibliography Author, F. (). Effects of classroom testing by microcomputer. Journal of ABCDE, 99(9), o Problem Microcomputers are being used for a variety of purposes, but research about their instructional effectiveness lags behind adoption rates for the blogger.com Size: KB
The Literature Review: A Foundation for High-Quality Medical Education Research
Try out PMC Labs and tell us what you think. Learn More. Researchers should check with their librarian to determine their access rights. Despite a surge in published scholarship in medical education 1 and rapid growth in journals that publish educational research, manuscript acceptance rates continue to fall. By understanding the goals of a literature review and following a few basic processes, authors can enhance both the quality of their educational research and the likelihood of publication in the Journal of Graduate Medical Education JGME and in other journals.
In medical education, no organization has articulated a formal definition of a literature review for a research paper; thus, a literature review can take a number of forms. Depending on the type of article, target journal, and specific topic, these forms will vary in methodology, rigor, and depth. Several organizations have published guidelines for conducting an intensive literature search intended for formal systematic reviews, both broadly eg, PRISMA 5 and within medical education, 6 and there are excellent commentaries to guide authors of systematic reviews.
A literature review forms the basis for high-quality medical education research and helps maximize relevance, originality, generalizability, and impact. A literature review provides context, informs methodology, maximizes innovation, avoids duplicative research, and ensures that professional standards are met.
Literature reviews take time, are iterative, and should continue throughout the research process. Such work is outside the scope of this article, which focuses on literature reviews to inform reports of original medical example of a literature review on a journal article research.
We define such a literature review as a synthetic review and summary of what is known and unknown regarding the topic of a scholarly body of work, including the current work's place within the existing knowledge. While this type of literature review may not require the intensive search processes mandated by systematic reviews, it merits a thoughtful and rigorous approach. An understanding of the current literature is critical for all phases of a research study.
After you hang about eavesdropping to get the drift of what's being said the conversational equivalent of the literature reviewyou join the conversation with a contribution that signals your shared interest in the topic, your knowledge of what's already been said, and your intention.
Understanding the current literature also promotes scholarship, as proposed by Boyer, 10 by contributing to 5 of the 6 standards by which scholarly work should be evaluated.
Failure to conduct a high-quality literature review is associated with several problems identified in the medical education literature, including studies that are repetitive, not grounded in theory, methodologically weak, and fail to expand knowledge beyond a single setting.
Likewise, studies that lack theoretical grounding or a conceptual framework make study design and interpretation difficult, example of a literature review on a journal article. As Norman 14 noted, when theory is used appropriately, it helps articulate variables that might be linked together and why, and it allows the researcher to make hypotheses and define a study's context and scope.
Ultimately, a proper literature review is a first critical step toward identifying relevant conceptual frameworks. Another problem is that many medical education studies are methodologically weak. Conducting a proper literature review helps both novice and experienced researchers select rigorous research methodologies.
Such studies frequently are not oriented toward progressive knowledge building and generalization to other settings. A firm grasp of the literature can encourage a programmatic approach to research. Considering these issues, journals have a responsibility to demand from authors a thoughtful synthesis of their study's position within the field, example of a literature review on a journal article, and it is the authors' responsibility to provide such a synthesis, based on a literature review.
The aforementioned purposes of the literature review mandate that the review occurs throughout all phases of a study, from conception and design, to implementation and analysis, to manuscript preparation and submission.
Planning the literature review requires understanding of journal requirements, which vary greatly by journal table 1. Authors are advised to take note of common problems with reporting results of the literature review. Table 2 lists the most common problems that we have encountered as authors, reviewers, and editors. Sample of Journals' Author Instructions for Literature Reviews Conducted as Part of Original Research Article a.
Common Problem Areas for Reporting Literature Reviews in the Context of Scholarly Articles. Three resources may facilitate identifying relevant literature: human resources, search tools, and related literature. As the process requires time, it is important to begin searching for literature early in the process ie, the study design phase. Identifying and understanding relevant studies will increase the likelihood of designing a relevant, adaptable, generalizable, and novel study that is based on educational or learning theory and can maximize impact.
A medical librarian can help translate research interests into an effective search strategy, familiarize researchers with available information resources, provide information on organizing information, and introduce strategies for keeping current with emerging research. Often, librarians are also aware of research across their institutions and may be able to connect researchers with similar interests.
Reaching out to colleagues for suggestions may help researchers quickly locate resources that would not otherwise be on their radar.
During this process, researchers will likely identify other researchers writing on aspects of their topic. Researchers should consider searching for the publications of these relevant researchers see table 3 for search strategies. Additionally, institutional websites may include curriculum vitae of such relevant faculty with access to their entire publication record, including difficult to locate publications, such as book chapters, dissertations, and technical reports.
Strategies for Finding Related Researcher Publications in Databases and Search Engines. Researchers will locate the majority of needed information using databases and search engines.
Excellent resources are available to guide researchers in the mechanics of literature searches. Because medical education research draws on a variety of disciplines, researchers should include search tools with coverage beyond medicine eg, psychology, nursing, education, and anthropology and that cover several publication types, such as reports, standards, conference abstracts, and book chapters see the box for several information resources.
Many search tools include options for viewing citations of selected articles. Examining cited references provides additional articles for review and a sense of the influence of the selected article on its field.
Once relevant articles are located, it example of a literature review on a journal article useful to mine those articles for additional citations. One strategy is to examine references of key articles, especially review articles, for relevant citations. As the aforementioned resources will likely provide a tremendous amount of information, organization is crucial. Researchers should determine which details are most important to their study eg, example of a literature review on a journal article, participants, setting, methods, and outcomes and generate a strategy for keeping those details organized and accessible.
Increasingly, researchers utilize digital tools, such as Evernote, to capture such information, which enables accessibility across digital workspaces and search capabilities. Use of citation managers can also be helpful as they store citations and, in some cases, can generate bibliographies table 4. Researchers often ask how to know when they have located enough citations. Unfortunately, there is no magic or ideal number of citations to collect.
One strategy for checking coverage of the literature is to inspect references of relevant articles. As researchers review references they will start noticing a repetition of the same articles with few new articles appearing.
This can indicate that the researcher has covered the literature base on a particular topic. In preparing to write a research paper, it is important to consider which citations to include and how they will inform the introduction and discussion sections. Reviewing articles of similar type published in the targeted journal can also provide guidance regarding structure and average lengths of the introduction and discussion sections.
When selecting references for the introduction consider those that illustrate core background theoretical and methodological concepts, as well as recent relevant studies. The introduction should be brief and present references not as a laundry list or narrative of available literature, but rather as a synthesized summary to provide context for the current study and to identify the gap in the literature that the study intends to fill. For the discussion, citations should be thoughtfully selected to compare and contrast the present study's findings with the current literature and to indicate how the present study moves the field forward.
To facilitate writing a literature review, journals are increasingly providing helpful features to guide authors. For example, the resources available through JGME include several articles on writing.
Additionally, many institutions have writing centers that provide web-based materials on writing a literature review, and some even have writing coaches. The literature review is a vital part of medical education research and should occur throughout the research process to help researchers design a strong study and effectively communicate study results and importance.
To achieve these goals, researchers are advised to plan and execute the literature review carefully.
The guidance in this editorial provides considerations and recommendations that may improve the quality of literature reviews. National Center for Biotechnology InformationU. National Library of Medicine Rockville PikeBethesda MDUSA. NCBI Skip to main content Skip to navigation Resources How To About NCBI Accesskeys My NCBI Sign in to NCBI Sign Out.
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Journal List J Grad Med Educ v. J Grad Med Educ. doi: PMCID: PMC Lauren A. MaggioPhD, MS LISJustin L. SewellMD, MPH, and Anthony R. Artino, JrPhD. Author information Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Maggio, PhD, MS LISexample of a literature review on a journal article, is Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Justin L. Sewell, example of a literature review on a journal article, MD, MPH, is Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; and Anthony R.
Artino Jr, PhD, is Professor and Deputy Director for Graduate Programs in Health Professions Education, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. Corresponding author: Lauren A. Maggio, PhD, MS LISUniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD shusu oiggam.
The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, the Department of the Navy, the Department of Defense, example of a literature review on a journal article the US government.
Copyright Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. The Literature Review Defined In medical education, no organization has articulated a formal definition of a literature review for a research paper; thus, a literature review can take a number of forms. Keeping organized is critical. Purpose and Importance of the Literature Review An understanding of the current literature is critical for all phases of a research study.
Approaching the Literature Review Considering these issues, example of a literature review on a journal article, journals have a responsibility to demand from authors a thoughtful synthesis of their study's position within the field, and it is the authors' responsibility to provide such a synthesis, based on a literature review.
Table 1 Sample of Journals' Author Instructions for Example of a literature review on a journal article Reviews Conducted as Part of Original Research Article a.
Open in a separate window. Table 2 Common Problem Areas for Reporting Literature Reviews in example of a literature review on a journal article Context of Scholarly Articles.
How to Write a Literature Review: 3 Minute Step-by-step Guide - Scribbr ��
, time: 3:05How to Write an Article Review: Full Guide with Examples | EssayPro
· Example of a Literature Review Conclusion. Here is an example of a literature review conclusion: " The objective of this review was to view the trends in composition studies within the past fifty years and see how commentary on A literature review is a survey of scholarly sources that provides an overview of statement or the study’s goals or purpose. *This sample paper was adapted by the Writing Center from Key, K.L., Rich, C., DeCristofaro, C., Collins, S. (). Use of P ropofol and emergence agitation in children: A literature review. AANA Journal, 78(6).File Size: KB · published, a literature review should be an informative, personal but unbiased synopsis of the information, provid-ing a balanced view that includes conflicting findings and inconsistencies, as well as established and current think-ing. A literature review differs from a systematic review, which addresses a specific clinical question by combining
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