Sep 22, · The researchers identified specific patterns of brain activation that protect adolescents from experiencing COVIDrelated anxiety and depression. Rogers State University named Trevor Huskey as the new counseling services coordinator. Huskey, from Waukesha, Wisconsin, began his duties on Sept. 26 Relationship of Exercise to Anxiety Disorders. Stress and anxiety are a normal part of life, but anxiety disorders, which affect 40 million adults, are the most common psychiatric illnesses in the U.S. The benefits of exercise may well extend beyond stress relief to improving anxiety and related disorders
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Try out PMC Labs and tell us what you think, papers on anxiety. Learn More, papers on anxiety. Emotional Freedom Technique EFT is an evidence-based self-help therapeutic method and over studies demonstrate its efficacy. However, information about the physiological effects of EFT is limited.
The current study sought to elucidate EFTs mechanisms of action across the central nervous system CNS by measuring heart rate variability HRV and heart coherence HC ; the circulatory papers on anxiety using resting heart rate RHR and blood pressure BP ; the endocrine system using cortisol, and the immune system using salivary immunoglobulin A SigA.
The second aim was to measure papers on anxiety symptoms. Positive trends were observed for HRV and HC and gains were maintained on follow-up, indicating Papers on anxiety results in positive health effects as well as increased mental well-being. A large body of research identifies associations between physiological and psychological symptoms.
A systematic review of 31 studies, including 16 patients, found that objective physiological measures of health as well as medical diagnoses were strongly correlated with anxiety and depression. Emotional Freedom Technique EFT is a novel therapy that combines both cognitive and somatic elements described below.
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses have demonstrated its efficacy for both physiological and psychological symptoms. Its efficacy extends across a wide sample of populations, including college students, 6 veterans, 78 pain patients, papers on anxiety, 910 overweight individuals, 11 — 13 hospital patients, 1415 athletes, 1617 health care workers, 18 gifted students, 19 chemotherapy patients, 20 and phobia sufferers, papers on anxiety.
Since its inception inEFT has been a manualized method, 724 leading to uniform application research, training, and clinical practice. EFT is a brief intervention combining elements of exposure, cognitive therapy, and somatic stimulation of acupressure points on the face and body, papers on anxiety.
Participants typically identify a concern or issue they wish to address with the technique and rate their level of distress on a Likert-type scale out of 10 10 is the maximum amount of distress and 0 represents the minimum or a neutral state. The participant then engages in the somatic tapping process on acupoints on the body while they repeat a shortened phrase to stay engaged eg, feel angry, papers on anxiety. EFT has been extensively investigated for anxiety and depression.
In the first large-scale study of patients seeking treatment for anxiety across 11 clinics over a 5. Other studies also indicate equivalence or superiority to CBT. Similarly, a study of self-applied EFT for anxiety, depression, papers on anxiety, pain, and cravings in health care workers resulted in significant improvements on all distress subscales and ratings of pain, emotional distress, and cravings papers on anxiety 2 hours of intervention, with gains maintained at follow-up.
The severity and range of psychological symptoms was reduced, and greater subsequent use of EFT was associated with a steeper decrease in symptoms, although not in symptom range or breadth. EFT treatment was associated with a significant decrease in anxiety scores, even when accounting for the effect size of control treatment. A meta-analysis of EFT for depression examined 20 studies. EFT demonstrated a very large effect size in the treatment of depression.
Effect sizes at posttest, less than 90 days, and greater than 90 days were 1. EFT was more efficacious than physical interventions such as diaphragmatic breathing and as well as psychological interventions such as supportive interviews. The health care workers study also found a significant reduction in depression after EFT.
More recent research comparing EFT to CBT for 10 patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder, found after 8 weeks of group treatment 16 hourspapers on anxiety, both papers on anxiety produced significant reductions in depressive symptoms. The CBT group indicated a significant reduction postintervention, papers on anxiety, but this was not maintained over time. The EFT group however, showed a delayed effect of significant reductions in symptoms at 3- and 6-month follow-ups.
The effect of EFT on medical diagnoses has been the subject of several studies. Chronic disease patients may benefit from a holistic health care and research has begun to consider the physiological changes that occur after EFT.
Other studies of physical conditions responding to EFT have included fibromyalgia, 34 psoriasis, 35 tension headaches, 9 frozen shoulder, 10 pulmonary injuries, 36 chronic pain, 37 chemotherapy side effects, 20 traumatic brain injury, 38 insomnia, 39 and seizure disorders. Church and Downs 41 examined papers on anxiety trauma in athletes and also measured heart rate.
Wells et al 21 included pulse rate as a measure for phobia sufferers. Church et al 42 performed a triple-blind randomized controlled trial comparing EFT to talk therapy and rest in a non-clinical sample of 83 participants. They found significant declines in the stress hormone cortisol. However, a trial with a smaller N did not have sufficient power to identify significant cortisol reductions.
The most revealing studies of the physiological aspects of Papers on anxiety have examined its epigenetic effects. A population of veterans with PTSD received 10 EFT sessions. A pilot study comparing an hour-long EFT session with placebo in 4 nonclinical participants found differential expression in 72 genes.
The broad function of this papers on anxiety of genes is similar to that found in Church et al, 10 confirming the association of EFT with the downregulation of inflammation and stress markers and the upregulation of immune markers.
The question of whether EFTs psychological effects are generalizable has been addressed in a number of studies, papers on anxiety. Wells et al 21 original study of EFT for small animal phobias found that EFT produced greater decrease in intense fear of small animals than did a papers on anxiety breathing condition. For most dependent variables, the EFT condition showed a significant decrease papers on anxiety fear of small animals immediately after, papers on anxiety, and again papers on anxiety. The health care workers study 18 found no significant difference between five 1-day workshops delivered by papers on anxiety different trainers.
A replication of that study with EFT delivered by 5 different trainers in heterogenous settings noted the same effect. EFT has been found efficacious in widely disparate groups, including hospital patients, war veterans, victims of sexual violence, papers on anxiety, school children, college students, teachers, health care workers, cancer patients, athletes, presurgery patients, mothers, papers on anxiety, dental patients, psychotherapists, diabetics, and survivors of natural disasters.
Treatment time frames ranging from 15 minutes to ten 1-hour sessions have been successful. Studies have delivered EFT in a variety of formats, including online courses for weight loss and cravings eg, Stapleton et al 49 and self-administered EFT for fibromyalgia Brattberg et al34 via telephone sessions, in groups, and in individual counseling sessions. The breadth of populations, settings and delivery methods encompassed in these studies provides indication that EFTs effects can be considered generalizable.
Because of the interest in the mechanism of change and active ingredient of EFT, several dismantling studies have been conducted. The first dismantling study included university papers on anxiety and compared EFT points, sham points, and tapping on a doll, and also included a control group who did nothing.
The EFT group also included acupoints not in the typical process and omitted others, and the study did not use valid assessments nor full randomization to the groups. A study of university students EFT or a control group who received mindful breathing instead of tapping found the EFT group reported more significant increases in enjoyment, hope, and pride and more significant decreases in anger, anxiety, and shame than did the breathing control group. The next study involved 56 university students who were assessed for stress symptoms and randomly allocated papers on anxiety an EFT group or a control group who tapped on sham points.
This study was, however, limited in that the stress questionnaire they used had not been validated and one of the investigators led both the experimental and control groups, possibly contaminating the results. A study involved school teachers assessed for burnout risk and is possibly the best dismantling study to date. This was important because no finger points were used or unintentionally activated as in the first study discussed. Everything else was identical. Results indicated the EFT group was superior to the sham points group on the 3 indicators of burnout being tracked Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, and Personal Accomplishment.
Finally, a recent meta-analysis of 6 dismantling or partial dismantling studies indicates that the acupuncture component is an essential ingredient, and not due to placebo, nonspecific effects of any therapeutic method, or non-acupressure components, in the rapid outcomes shown papers on anxiety EFT clinical trials.
While the foregoing studies of physiological markers typically examine a cluster of diagnostic systems with EFT treatment, the current study sought to elucidate EFTs common underlying physiological mechanisms of action, papers on anxiety. The systems studied included the autonomic nervous system ANS by measuring heart rate variability HRV and heart coherence HC ; the circulatory system by assessing resting heart rate RHR and blood pressure BP ; the endocrine system by evaluating cortisol, and the immune system by examining levels of salivary immunoglobulin A SigA.
After successful training in emotional regulation, HC increases and a reduction improvement in HRV is found. Based on prior research, it was hypothesized that EFT would result in significant decreases in the psychological constructs of anxiety, depression, PTSD, pain and cravings, as well as the physiological markers of HRV, cortisol, RHR, and BP.
It was further hypothesized that an increase in happiness, immune response SigAHC, and would be identified. The second hypothesis of the study was that psychological change would be robust and durable papers on anxiety a range of settings and instructors. If EFT effects were due to the intervention of a particularly gifted therapist, they should not be as robust in groups trained by other therapists.
If, on the other hand, papers on anxiety, psychological improvement is found regardless of the individual papers on anxiety the training, or papers on anxiety setting in which it is delivered, it can be reasonably concluded that the effects measured are due to the clinical EFT method itself and not to some unique characteristic of a single individual or the stress-reducing effects of a unique setting.
Papers on anxiety study included participants at 6 Clinical EFT workshops. The workshops were taught by a variety of instructors trained and certified in Clinical EFT, papers on anxiety evidence-based form of the technique, papers on anxiety.
Psychological testing was similar at all 6 workshops, with pre- and postmeasures, and papers on anxiety follow-up during the subsequent year. Physiological measures were not assessed at follow-up since data collection was performed via email. Table 1 represents the baseline characteristics of study participants at recruitment.
Subjects were assessed for depression and anxiety using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale HADS; Zigmond et al. Each item is scored from 0 to 3 and the score is totaled. Thus, subjects can score from 0 to 21 for either anxiety or depression.
Scores for the HADS were calculated for anxiety and depression separately. Happiness, 57 pain, 58 and cravings were assessed using an item Likert-type scale SUDS rating. PTSD was assessed with the 2-item form of the PTSD Checklist PCL; Lang et al. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured using a standard blood pressure cuff Omron 3. HRV and HC were assessed using HeartMath Pro Plus hardware and software HeartMath LLC, Boulder Creek, CA, papers on anxiety.
Cortisol and SigA were assessed using saliva swabs Sabre Labs, Capistrano, CA. Cortisol samples were collected at the same time pre and post 10 am to eliminate variability due to circadian rhythms. Cravings were assessed before and after a 1-hour module on the use of EFT for this topic. Participants were provided with chocolate and self-assessed their pretest level of craving point SUDS rating scale. EFT was papers on anxiety used for several components of the experience of craving.
These included the substance itself, emotions associated with the substance, early childhood experiences involving the substance, times at which craving levels increased, and emotional losses associated with the substance.
All EFT instructors were trained and certified in Clinical EFT EFT Universe, Fulton, CA. EFT was applied with fidelity to the third edition of The EFT Manual. EFT was delivered as peer-to-peer coaching, papers on anxiety symptoms assessed without attempting to diagnose or treat mental health conditions. The settings included residential institutes, nonresidential institutes, hotel meeting rooms, and a university campus.
The identical curriculum was used at all 6 workshops. Most were conducted over 4 days. Two were conducted at residential institutes in which the curriculum was delivered over the course of 5 days, with 2 half-days off, but the same number of instruction and practice hours, papers on anxiety.
Participant scores for happiness, anxiety, depression, PTSD, pain, and cravings were papers on anxiety before and after treatment using the Wilcoxon signed rank test for paired samples.
In order to make the least number of assumptions about the data, it was deemed appropriate to use the nonparametric Wilcoxon signed rank test rather than t tests. Changes in BP, RHR, cortisol, SigA levels, HRV, and HC in a subsample of participants were also determined using the Wilcoxon signed rank test.
Cambridge Papers in brief: test anxiety in adult learners
, time: 6:16Clinical EFT (Emotional Freedom Techniques) Improves Multiple Physiological Markers of Health
Persistent Fear and Anxiety Can Affect Young Children’s Learning and Development. This working paper from the National Scientific Council on the Developing Child explains how early exposure to circumstances that produce persistent fear and chronic anxiety can have lifelong effects on Relationship of Exercise to Anxiety Disorders. Stress and anxiety are a normal part of life, but anxiety disorders, which affect 40 million adults, are the most common psychiatric illnesses in the U.S. The benefits of exercise may well extend beyond stress relief to improving anxiety and related disorders Oct 22, · Fear-of-missing-out (FOMO) refers to feelings of anxiety that arise from the realization that you may be missing out on rewarding experiences that others are having. FOMO can be identified as an intra-personal trait that drives people to stay up to date of what other people are doing, among others on social media platforms
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